bit stuffing
Bit stuffing is the insertion of informationless binary elements in bit-oriented protocols to interrupt long zero or one bit sequences.
In other protocols, bit stuffing is used to ensure synchronization by deliberately changing the polarity between successive bits.
By inserting informationless binary characters, the stuffing bits, misinterpretations of long unchanging bit sequences are avoided. Bit stuffing is performed at the link layer; the inserted bits are taken into account at the transmitter end and detected or removed at the receiver end. Bit stuffing is used to avoid signal patterns that can be interpreted as control characters in the data field of a frame.
A special form of bit stuffing is bit padding. This involves ensuring that the data fields correspond to the specified data field length.