flat antenna
Flat antennas or panel antennas or planar antennas have a flat antenna design and are used in microwave technology. InWLANs, their frequency range is 2.4 GHz in the ISM band and 5 GHz in directional radio. They are also used in satellite reception technology between 10.7 GHz and 12.75 GHz and in UHF technology at 450 MHz.
Panel antennas are antenna arrays consisting of many microwave antennas located in one plane. Depending on the polarization of the microwaves, the individual antennas of the antenna array are arranged as dipoles or cross-dipoles or even helix-shaped. They are interconnected and thus ensure a higher antenna gain. Depending on the aperture angle, this is between 7 dBi and 15 dBi for passive flat antennas. Panel antennas can be equipped with a built-in antenna amplifier, which can raise the antenna gain to over 20 dBi.
The aperture angle of flat antennas depends on the design and the reception plane. In addition, there are versions where the aperture angle in the horizontal plane is adjustable between 90°, 120°, 140° and 180°. However, there are also versions with an extremely narrow aperture angle of less than 10°. These panel antennas are used in satellite reception technology and in directional radio. The antenna arrays of flat antennas can be manufactured extremely inexpensively in printed circuit.