local line
The subscriber line( ULL) is part of the connection area, the last mile. The subscriber line is a copper twisted pair(CuDa) that establishes the connection between the main distribution frame (HVt) in the local exchange(OVSt) and the telecommunications access unit(TAE) at the subscriber 's premises.
Depending on the structure of the local network, the connection may be switched from the main distribution frame via cable branch exchanges(KVz) and terminal branch exch anges(EVz) to the TAE boxes. The subscriber line can bridge distances of around 5 km. It is also used to transmit the various DSL processes.
The use of the local loop by other local loop operators is regulated by the Network Access Ordinance(NZV), which ensures unbundled access for other operators.
Unbundled subscriber access is defined as a "line from the main distribution frame (HVt) to the telecommunications access unit (TAE) without any upstream equipment, but with any intermediate transmission or other passive technology." Bundled subscriber access, on the other hand, includes upstream transmission systems.