programming equipment
Programming devices are independent devices with which program codes or other data are programmed into programmable, non-volatile devices. The aim is to store finished programs in non-volatile memories, from which they can then be retrieved for the respective application.
The task is extremely complex in that the various non-volatile chips are in completely different packages, work with different binary codes and also use different technologies. In addition, the different sockets have different pin assignments, the programming voltages required for programming are different, and for some memory chips exact programming time pulses with defined edge and hold times or predefined program sequences must be observed.
In terms of procedure, when programming memory chips, the program codes and data are burned into the memory chip. For this purpose, the programming voltage intended for this purpose is applied to the programming pin. This is higher than the voltages used when reading out the data. The pins of the memory chips are controlled via pin drivers.