batteryless radio technique

In radio technology, signals are transmitted between the transmitter and receiver using electromagnetic waves. This transmission technology requires active components to generate the radio signal. This means that the transmitter and receiver are supplied with voltage. This applies to all radio transmission, including battery-free.

Batteryless radio technology requires energy that can be obtained from ambient energy sources: from air movements, vibrations, temperature fluctuations or sunlight. This technology is called energy harvesting or micro energy harvesting( MEH). Alternatively, energy can also be supplied via wireless energy transmission. Both techniques are used in battery-free wireless technology. For example, sensors or actuators can be supplied via energy harvesters, which are used as self-sufficient energy sources instead of batteries. Alternatively, as with RFID, the energy can be obtained from the radio signals of the RFID readers.

In battery-free radio technology, the energy is buffered in the sensors and actuators equipped with microprocessors and used to generate the radio signal. For the radio technology itself, the most diverse radio standards of radio and mobile radio technology are available: Bluetooth, WLAN, GSM or near- field communication. The decisive factor here is that the transmitting components require only a few milliwatts of transmitting power. This is ensured by the wireless protocol, Wireless Short Packet( WSP), which works with short telegrams and requires only about 50 microwatts per transmitted telegram.

EnOcean has pioneered battery-free wireless technology and developed protocols and standards adopted by ISO/ IEC. For radio transmission, batteryless wireless technology uses the license-free ISM bands, primarily the 2.4 GHz band, which is also used by Bluetooth, WLANs and in building automation, but also other ISM bands. Radio transmission is specified by the ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 standard, which is optimized for energy harvesting. Areas of application for batteryless radio technology are machine-to-machine( M2M) communication, building automation, automation and the transmission of measurement and sensor data in sensor networks.